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Debunking 4 Die Casting Misconceptions

Die casting is a common manufacturing process used in various industries: automotive, alternative energy, recreational, medical/dental, lawn & garden, lighting, electronics, power tools, and many others. Despite its widespread use, several misconceptions often cloud its true potential. In this blog, Chicago White Metal (CWM) aims to debunk these myths and shed light on die casting’s realities.

Misconception 1: Limited Complexity, Size, & Finishing Options

Some believe die casting is only suitable for producing simple shapes and designs. However, advancements in die casting technology allow for the production of highly complex parts with intricate geometries and thin walls. CWM utilizes die casting machines of various sizes, allowing for the production of parts ranging from a few grams to eight pounds – we cast parts in aluminummagnesium, and zinc.

In the past, die castings had limited finishing options. Today, through internal advancements and an established network of finishing suppliers, die castings can be polished, coated, plated, painted, impregnated, powder coated, silkscreened, and pad printed with various colors, textures, or performance characteristics.

Misconception 2: Die Casting is an Outdated Manufacturing Method

Contrary to popular belief, die casting is far from an outdated manufacturing method. Die casting has evolved significantly over the 87 years CWM has been in business, incorporating cutting-edge technologies and innovations to meet the demands of modern industries.

From computer-aided design (CAD) and simulation software to specialized die coatings, advancements in lubricants, cooling and vacuum systems, and the implementation of robotics and automation, die casting has embraced technological advancements to improve efficiency, precision, and quality. As a result, die casting remains a cornerstone of modern manufacturing, offering unparalleled capabilities and versatility.

CWM’s fully automated DCM

Misconception 3: Die Casting has a High Initial Cost

While die casting does involve significant upfront tooling costs, it can be cost-effective for high-volume production runs due to its efficiency and low per-unit costs. Die casting offers unparalleled precision, repeatability, and efficiency, reducing per-unit costs.

Furthermore, advancements in die casting technology have led to faster cycle times, reduced material waste, and improved yield rates, all of which ultimately contribute to cost savings. When considering the overall value and quality of die casting, the perceived expense is outweighed by its benefits.

Misconception 4: Die Casting is Not Environmentally Friendly

There is a misconception that die casting harms the environment due to its energy-intensive processes. However, the die casting industry has made significant strides to minimize its environmental impact and promote sustainability in recent years.

Through initiatives such as recycling and energy-efficient practices, die casting facilities have reduced waste, conserved resources, and lowered their carbon footprint. Additionally, using eco-friendly materials and processes – such as wastewater recycling and investing in high-efficiency equipment – further contributes to die casting’s environmental friendliness. At CWM, we are an open book regarding our environmental impact – check out our Environmental Practices page.

CWM’s High-Efficiency Aluminum Furnace

The Potential of Die Casting

Die casting is a highly efficient, versatile, and sustainable manufacturing process that misconceptions have unfairly plagued. By debunking these myths and highlighting the realities of die casting, Chicago White Metal showcases its true potential as a cornerstone of modern manufacturing. Whether for large-scale production runs or small-batch manufacturing, die casting offers unparalleled capabilities and benefits, making it an indispensable tool for industries worldwide.

To learn more about CWM, check out our Design Center, which offers many technical articles and information. If you think your component is a good fit for die casting, Request a Quote here.

The Benefits of High-Volume Production in Die Casting

CWM building logo

Chicago White Metal’s High-Pressure Die Casting process is the perfect solution for high-volume manufacturing projects – especially if you are concerned with cost, efficiency, repeatability, and producing high-quality parts. High-volume manufacturing, via the high-pressure die casting process, involves an investment in tooling. Still, the benefits are that parts can be converted from raw material to finished parts quickly, with minimal part-to-part variation and significant cost savings. Because manufacturers can produce parts more efficiently, high-volume production decreases the cost of production per unit. In the case of high-pressure die casting, parts can be converted from raw material to finished parts in seconds.

High-volume production is also the most efficient way to quickly turn around a large order of parts or products, allowing products to get to market faster and organizations to stay on the leading edge of innovation. In a competitive economy where companies continually introduce new items, the time and money saved with high-volume production can set an organization up for success.

Past vs. Present

In the past, a manufacturer might have only been able to produce a small number of parts per day. Machinery advancements enabled output to increase. For example, the first documented use of the die casting process was in the mid-19th century. It involved manually pouring molten metal into a die that opened and closed using a primitive machine. When employing state-of-the-art machinery and a skilled team, today’s manufacturers can produce thousands of units daily, if not more.

Modern high-volume die casting uses automation, including robotics, sophisticated controls, camera systems, sensors, and other technical advancements. These innovations offer many benefits, including repeatability, higher quality products, and lower (and more predictable) long-term costs of operation. However, successfully scaling to high-volume manufacturing requires foresight and planning to streamline the production process and minimize changes.

Scaling – Best Practices

Scaling up a product from the prototype or low-volume production stage (such as a machined part) to a high-volume manufacturing environment (such as high-pressure die casting) can be one of the most exciting stages of the production process. The decisions made during this transition will have significant implications for all aspects of a product, from tooling and manufacturing process control to packaging and user documentation. That’s why having an experienced team around you is crucial to help guide you through the process.

Here are some questions to ask yourself before considering scaling up to a high-volume manufacturing process such as high-pressure die casting:

  • Are you confident you’ll need enough parts to justify the tooling investment required for high-pressure die casting?
    • The typical quantity for high-pressure die casting is 5,000 pieces per year for several years (often much higher). There are exceptions, but the higher the volume, the more likely the high-pressure die casting process would be the right choice for your product.
  • Will the alloy offered by the die caster be suitable for your application?
    • Some common die casting alloys include A380 aluminum, AZ91D magnesium, and Zinc #3.
    • Ferrous alloys are not an option for high-pressure die casting.
  • Is your design appropriate for high-pressure die casting?
    • Die casting is likely the right choice if the design is three-dimensional and not quickly stamped or extruded.
  • Is the design optimized and stable?
    • To maximize the payback from the tooling investment, optimizing the design and ensuring it is relatively stable before building tooling is crucial, as making changes to tooling after it is constructed can be expensive.

Partnering with the Right Die Caster

Suppose you think your part is eligible for high-pressure die casting. In that case, it’s vital to seek out a reputable die caster with enough experience to guide you through selecting an appropriate alloy, optimizing the design, building robust, high-quality tooling, and developing an optimized set of processing parameters. There are numerous areas where an experienced die caster can help your organization ramp up to higher-volume production.

Engineering Design Services, for example, offer tremendous value to the customer because the greatest opportunity for cost savings comes in the design phase before the tooling is built. As part of their design service, CWM uses sophisticated modeling and simulation tools such as Magmasoft and SolidWorks—a solid modeling computer-aided design and engineering application—to help design parts and tooling of the highest quality and lowest cost.

When you collaborate with a die caster who utilizes this state-of-the-art technology, your part is manufactured efficiently over the entire product lifecycle—that’s why having a team of experts to work with you throughout the process is essential.

CWM & High-Volume Production

CWM’s approach to high-volume production is the same in everything we do: Excellence is expected. Our engineering and manufacturing processes are streamlined to benefit our customers’ needs. For example, if high-pressure die casting makes sense, we will provide accurate estimates of the cost of tooling and parts, including complete finishing, coatings, etc., and we will work with your team to ensure the part’s success.

Chicago White Metal specializes in the high-volume production of Aluminum, Magnesium, and Zinc die cast parts. We supply numerous industries with parts that are used in everyday products worldwide. Don’t hesitate to contact us to learn more about our high-volume die casting services.

CWM Invests in Robotics and Automation

FANUC CNC Robot die casting
FANUC CNC Robot die casting

Chicago White Metal remains very proactive in researching and implementing advanced technology into the die casting process, added value, and finishing operations. CWM leadership encourages an environment where team members can examine and suggest alternatives to current techniques to improve and enhance quality, efficiency, and measurability. This ultimately leads to overall efficiency for existing and future projects. The team is always excited about taking an original idea and watching it grow into a reality.

One idea that came to life in 2021 is implementing robotics and automation technology in the CNC department. There are currently six active robot implementations: 4 Universal Co-bots and 2 Fanuc Robot Cells. These robots were commissioned quickly in the past 12 months, calling for the promotion of Daniel Lechuga to Automation Specialist to keep up with the equipment maintenance and wiring.

The Fanuc Robot Cells are dedicated to facilitating added value and finishing operation checks, leak testing several parts at a time, and tending to CNC machinery.  This allows team members to tend to other machines and focus on performing more critical tasks.  The Fanuc robots were the first to be integrated into the CNC department and can be seen on the shop floor with cages around them.  They are facilitating parts for an archery riser and an automotive ECU housing.

The Universal Co-bots are collaborative robots that work safely alongside humans.  The robots have sensors that detect when someone is near or approaching the robot, triggering the mechanism that slows down and stops the machine. This safety feature reassures the team members about the company’s commitment to their well-being.  Chicago White Metal implemented four co-bots, which are currently handling parts for two different models of portable oxygen concentrators, a crossbow riser, an electronic housing, and a medical device handle.

Comparing Aluminum, Magnesium, and Zinc Alloys

AluminumMagnesium, and Zinc are the most common alloys used in the die casting process. But how much do we really know about these alloys? Aluminum and Magnesium are “lightweight” metals, while Zinc alloys provide higher precision and longer tool life.

If you are at the point where you’re considering die casting for your project, the next step is determining which alloy is best suited for a specific application of your part. That’s typically based on the design specifications – the alloy provides the physical and mechanical properties required by the end product application. Therefore, you need to seek a die casting supplier that understands each type of alloy offered and its benefits so they can lead you in the right direction.

Aluminum Die Cast Alloy

Aluminum is easily the most frequently used metal in die casting. The most common Aluminum die casting alloy is A380 because it offers the best combination of material properties and castability. Aluminum alloy die castings are used in a wide variety of industries. It is common to see this alloy in electronics, communications equipment, automotive components, lawnmower housings, and many other products.

Aluminum alloys for die casting have superior machining characteristics, especially when compared to iron, steel, and titanium.

Magnesium Die Cast Alloy

Magnesium alloys are very light but still offer high levels of strength. Magnesium alloy AZ91D is the strongest and most castable of the commercial Magnesium die casting alloys available, and it is also the most widely used for that reason.

AZ91D Magnesium is a high purity die casting alloy which provides the following qualities:

Aluminum Die Casting
Magnesium Die Casting

Zinc alloys are commonly used for smaller or die castings requiring thinner sections. This is because zinc alloys have superb castability, generally allow more significant variation in section thickness, and maintain closer tolerances. Also, the impact strength of zinc die cast components is higher than that of other common metal alloys, and zinc provides the longest tool life of any die cast alloy. That makes zinc ideal for the automotive industry and numerous other small customized industrial parts.

The CWM Difference

At Chicago White Metal Casting, we custom produce Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc, and Miniature Zinc die castings. Our experienced sales and engineering teams will work with your company from start to finish to deliver high-quality castings that meet even the highest standards.

Contact us if you think your project could be a good fit for Aluminum, Magnesium, or Zinc die casting. You can also request a quote on this page.

How to Select the Right Die Caster

When you’ve designed a part and are ready to partner with a die caster, you must know that you’re working with the best. Unfortunately, finding the right partner to cast your part can be difficult unless you have a relationship with an established, reputable die casting supplier.

Most people believe that choosing a die caster for aluminum, magnesium, or zinc die cast metals simply comes down to cost. While cost carries great weight in decision-making, a good die caster will offer much more than a competitive price. They’ll provide you with full services and post-production capabilities to save you time and money in the long run.

Services like design engineering, mold flow simulation, and various post-casting processes, such as CNC machining, deburring, painting, plating, assembly, and total quality management, can sometimes be overlooked, but these services can prove valuable. So when you work with a full-service die caster, make sure that these additional services and operations are part of the quote – that way, there are no surprises when you’re ready to move forward with the production of your part.

Benefits of working with a Full-Service Die Caster

Choosing to go with a single full-service die caster rather than managing multiple processes and vendors on your own can help free up your company’s resources, decrease lead times, streamline logistics and inventory management, and save money. In addition, it can result in improved designs and lower total cost because the full-service die caster will look for ways to add value across all of the processes.  

Before building a tool for your metal die casting design, ensure your engineering team and the die caster are on the same page. At Chicago White Metal, our die casting engineers will engage with you to fully understand your product, its cosmetic and performance requirements, and its intended environment. With that understanding, our engineers can help optimize your design for maximum performance and overall value. In addition, the die casting engineer’s preplanning and analysis can recommend cost-saving measures — or prevent costly mistakes over the project life.

Another critical question during this process is whether or not the die casting supplier utilizes advanced technology, such as process simulation software (e.g., Magmasoft®), before the tool is built. Using your CAD file, CWM can use the software to predict and optimize metal flow, air entrapment, metal velocity, thermal balance, hotspots, etc., during the die casting process. This will ensure a quality die casting design, shorten lead times, and lower production costs.

Trust is the Name of the Game

The final question that your team should ask before choosing a die casting partner is whether or not you can trust that they will be there for you and your team throughout the process to produce the best possible part. Many factors contribute to the success of your project. Even the alloy choice (CWM offers aluminum, zinc, and magnesium) is essential because each has unique properties with advantages and disadvantages. If your product requires post-finishing, it’s even more important to choose the suitable alloy because the physical properties of each alloy may or may not work with each type of finish.

While alloy recommendation is crucial for the success of your project, finishing options are equally important. It’s vital to ensure that your die casting supplier understands all the finishing options available and can guide you to the right finish. The die casting engineer must know all these variables from the project onset to avoid costly quality issues later. Our team at CWM takes these things into consideration when working on every project.

Experience matters, and with 84 years of experience and counting, CWM sets the industry standard for excellence. If you have any questions about the high-pressure die casting process, don’t hesitate to contact Chicago White Metal today. One of our experienced team members will happily help guide you in the right direction!

CWM & Waygate Technologies Win Prestigious IMA Award

The International Magnesium Association has awarded Chicago White Metal, in conjunction with Waygate Technologies, its 2021 IMA Award of Excellence in its Commercial (non-automotive) Cast Product!

The end product for this magnesium casting is a Remote Videoscope used to inspect hard-to-reach areas. It offers HD Video and 3D measurements and features a military-grade portable design for ease of use in any industrial environment. The handheld device is used in several industries, including:

  • Aerospace
  • Automotive
  • Energy
  • Oil and Gas
  • Research and Development

Both teams were awarded for demonstrating significant advancements over current practices, and it was well deserved! Congratulations to the Chicago White Metal Engineering Team and Waygate Technologies Engineering Team for coming together to create this award-winning part.

Electric Vehicles: Component Manufacturing Using the High-Pressure Die Casting Process

The automobile industry is the largest market for high-pressure die casting components. The demand for electric vehicles has grown rapidly, largely thanks to changes in emission norms worldwide and a shift in consumer preferences. These changes have pushed automakers to replace heavier components with lightweight, environmentally friendly options from alloys like Magnesium or Aluminum.

Reducing weight is significant for hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and electric vehicles, where battery efficiency is critical. Aluminum and Magnesium die cast components can dramatically reduce vehicle weight, which improves overall vehicle performance, increases fuel or battery efficiency, and extends driving range. Chicago White Metal is helping to fuel this evolution by casting complex shapes at near-net shapes in high volumes and within tight tolerances using lightweight alloys.

Aluminum

Automakers who make electric or hybrid cars are increasingly turning to Aluminum due to its excellent mechanical and physical properties at an attractive cost. In addition to weight reduction, high-pressure die cast aluminum alloys have added dimensional accuracy and stability—not to mention strength and high-speed production capabilities.

Lighter Weight and Good Malleability

While not as light as Magnesium, Aluminum is still 1/3 the weight of steel, which goes a long way toward reducing a vehicle’s weight. That’s why Aluminum die castings are replacing steel in structural and cosmetic body parts (e.g., vehicle bodies, hoods, doors, bumpers, and crash boxes) in modern vehicles.

Malleability is also a significant reason why automakers are turning to Aluminum. It can be easily rolled into a sheet, formed as a stamping or extrusion, or welded. It can also be a high-pressure die cast, which allows for the rapid conversion of molten metal to a net shape, a three-dimensional complex shape.

Aluminum is excellent for automotive applications that require high visibility and structural integrity, such as A-B-C pillars. While Aluminum is lighter than steel, it absorbs more energy, providing an extra layer of safety for the vehicle. Utilizing aluminum components can help reduce vehicle weight by as much as 40% without compromising the vehicle’s safety.

Magnesium

Magnesium was initially used in race cars in the 1920s to gain a competitive edge because of its lightweight. Now, automakers use this lightweight alloy for applications like mirror housings, steering columns, driver’s airbag casings, seat frames, and dash encasings.

The auto industry’s quest for greater battery and fuel efficiency and demand for improved performance has driven increased interest in high-pressure die cast Magnesium alloys. These alloys include AZ91D, which has an excellent combination of mechanical properties and the highest strength-to-weight ratio of any structural metal.

Mg is 75% Lighter than Steel, 33% Lighter than Aluminum 

Magnesium provides a drastic weight difference that supports its use as a durable metal alternative to steel and plastic. Unlike plastic, Magnesium’s properties do not degrade with temperature and UV light, and Magnesium is 100% recyclable. With its superior dampening capacity and low-mass inertia, Magnesium is well suited for parts designed for frequent and sudden changes in motion direction – making it ideal for car part design. Many part designers also prefer working with Magnesium because they can produce more complex parts than steel without sacrificing strength.

Zinc

Although Zinc products are heavier than their Aluminum—and Magnesium-based counterparts, they have the highest yield strength of all three alloys. Zinc can also be cast thinner than any other metal and can hold extremely tight tolerance requirements. While Zinc might not be the best option for the light-weighting strategy, several Zinc-made applications are ideal for automotive design and structure.

The CWM Difference

Chicago White Metal Casting can cast all three families of alloys: aluminum, Magnesium, and Zinc. Our technical expertise, combined with full-service capabilities and engineer design services, can provide automakers or part designers with die casting solutions that meet the challenges of their hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and electric vehicle part designs.

Contact us today by filling out the form on this page or call +1 630-595-4424 to speak with a team member.

Click here to download the White Paper .PDF.

How CWM Assures Critical Cosmetic Success

At Chicago White Metal, we constantly invest in advanced technologies to improve the die casting process. While Magmasoft® has been used in the industry for years, it’s still considered a revolutionary technology because it reduces lead time, improves quality assurance, and saves money. The engineering team at Chicago White Metal has been using Magmasoft® software for over a decade, making a big difference in producing quality castings. 

At CWM, we have a track record of successful projects, thanks to  Magmasoft® and the hard work of our engineering team. Recently, we were tasked with casting a challenging magnesium housing for a handheld camera. Despite the complexity, our team’s dedication and the use of Magmasoft® ensured a successful outcome.

After our engineering team created the tooling design for the project, they used the advanced Magmasoft® process simulation software. Doing so enabled the CWM engineers to predict the effects of the final metal flow for the part. After a series of precise tooling design iterations and repeat simulations, the design was released for die tooling construction—the final result: a robust and well-cast part.

This is a good example of the metal flow simulation provided by the Magmasoft® software.

As illustrated in the animation above,

As illustrated in the animation above, Magmasoft® allows rapid analysis of a product’s design, tooling, and process variables before die construction. Magmasoft® is designed specifically for metal casting manufacturers. The advanced software provides incredibly realistic and detailed mapping of all involved processes.

CWM engineers believe the Magmasoft® system best predicts a die casting die design’s performance. It provides the best estimate of the metal flow results that can be expected in the final cast part.

Contact CWM today to learn more about Magmasoft® and how it can help reduce lead time, improve quality assurance, and lower manufacturing costs. You can also request a quote from our sales team to see if your project suits die casting.

Equipment Highlight: Investment in Energy-Efficient Furnace Pays Off

energySMART Aluminum Furnace

Chicago White Metal always looks for ways to improve the die casting process while decreasing energy usage. In 2014, CWM determined that one of the best ways to accomplish both goals was to replace our old reverberatory furnace from the 1970s with a modern central stack melter aluminum furnace.

CWM worked with energySMART, a Nicor Gas program, to replace our underperforming furnace with a high-efficiency one. After much deliberation, CWM chose the StrikoMelter furnace from StrikoWestofen America because it offered the lowest energy consumption of any furnace in its class.

Energy Efficiency & Improved Performance

When CWM chose the StrikoWestofen energy-efficient aluminum melting furnace, we immediately received energySMART incentives in return for reducing our carbon footprint. With the new furnace, CWM substantially cut the amount of natural gas we used in the melting process. And even though the StikoMelter came with a smaller holding capacity, the melting capacity significantly increased to 4,400 lbs. per hour instead of 1,400 lbs. per hour with the old furnace.

By acquiring the modern furnace, CWM qualified for the Nicor Gas Energy Efficiency Program, an energy-purchase rebate program funded by Nicor Gas Company. The incentives from this program enabled CWM to make the investment, which saw immediate returns.

How it works:

The new furnace came with Striko’s patented ETAmax® system, which efficiently combines preheating, heating, and melting phases in a single melting shaft. While return material and ingots are melted quickly in the lower section, the material preheats in the shaft area above it.

The molten metal is transferred to a holding bath, reducing waste and maintaining a preset holding temperature. This simple but effective recuperative concept resulted in significant fuel consumption savings and a dramatic reduction in metal loss due to oxidation or dross. Other benefits of having a modern, energy-efficient furnace include:

  • Easy to load: The furnace’s shaft is more expansive and can easily accept up to 2.5m² returns. Extra-large charging bins also mean no need to “cut to fit,” saving precious time, resources, and money.
  • Less energy wasted: Shortened metal melting, reduced natural gas consumption, and an improved material yield to increase efficiency.
  • Cleaner metal: The furnace’s design limits the amount of dross and oxide produced, resulting in cleaner metal and less waste.

Looking back almost seven years to the date, we can say that it was well worth the investment in terms of energy savings and improving CWM’s overall product. When asked about the furnace, Jim Reitenbach, CWM’s Production Manager, said, “This was one of the best equipment investments CWM has ever made.”